About Stretch Marks

What are Stretch Marks?

People often live with scarring from cuts or other injuries. Other people’s imperfections on the body are stretch marks. These are indented streaks that can strike anywhere on the skin. Although they look painful, they usually cause little discomfort. Sometimes, these items fade with time. However, they can cause a person’s self-esteem to plummet.

Causes of Stretch Marks

A stretch mark occurs as a person’s skin stretches or shrinks fast. The quick change causes a rupture in collagen and elastin. These offer support to skin. As healing occurs, this kind of mark appears. Luckily, not everyone gets these marks. However, there are a few circumstances where a person is more likely to see the development of these items.

  • Growth Spurts in Puberty. The teenage years are tough. A child’s body goes through many changes in a short period of time. Puberty is a time of fluctuating hormones as well. This brings rapid growth or weight gain. During this time, it is not uncommon for stretch marks to develop. In certain cases, a teen is pre-disposed to these marks from a genetic link.
  • Using a Steroid Cream. Corticosteroids are medicines that include hormones or steroids. In most cases, they help to decrease inflammation, suppress the immune system, or aid with hormonal imbalances. Also, they may be used as topical treatments for eczema. While they lower skin inflammation, they decrease college as well. This decreases elasticity in a person’s skin. With low levels of collagen, skin is likely to stretch. Therefore, stretch marks commonly result.
  • Pregnancy. Most pregnant women experience stretch marks. During this period, a woman’s stomach expands to accommodate her growing baby. A woman is more likely to become affected when she gains more than normal weight during her pregnancy. The average weight gain is 28 pounds. These lines commonly develop during the second and third trimesters.
  • Rapid Weight Gain or Loss. As with puberty, anyone who quickly gains or loses weight may experience unsightly stretch marks. Although extra skin that occurs from quick weight loss may cause tears and stretches on the skin, a vast amount of stretch marks are not caused by losing weight. Instead, they happen when a person quickly gains weight. Unfortunately, the marks become more apparent when the weight is lost. When a person’s skin is stretched too quickly, the connective tissue has a tough time keeping up. Ruptures occur and leave the scars of stretch marks.
  • Rapid Muscle Growth. Although most cases of stretch marks occur in women, they occur in men as well. In males, most stretch marks result from weight training. When a man’s muscles build too fast, the skin has trouble keeping up.
  • Certain Medical Conditions. There are some medical disorders that make a person more likely to develop stretch marks. For example, Cushing syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are two medical conditions that may lead to stretch marks. Cushing syndrome affects individuals with high amounts of cortisol. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome causes extremely stretchy skin. As a person takes medicine for a condition that blocks collagen formation, it is likely for stretch marks to develop as well.

Stretch Mark Myths

As much as a person tries to prevent and lower the appearance of stretch marks, there is no total way of controlling them. As tears develop in the dermis layer of skin, these marks are formed. There are a number of myths around stretch marks. Separating fact from fiction helps a person better understand the problem.

Thin People Don’t Get Stretch Marks

As discussed, weight gain or loss and obesity contribute to stretch marks. However, a thin individual may develop them as well. Also, if a person is frequently dehydrated, he or she may develop these lines.

Stretch Marks are Only a Product of Skin’s Stretching

Indeed, when skin is stretched, marks develop. However, stress, medicine, hormones, and genetics play roles in the development of these marks as well. Studies show that women who have mothers with stretch marks are highly likely to develop them at some point.

Only Women are Affected by Stretch Marks

As previously discussed, both men and women may develop these lines. However, there are more cases reported in women. While many pregnant females develop the condition, males who lift weights often get stretch marks from rapid increase in muscle.

All Women Get Stretch Marks

Stretch marks are common during pregnancy. In fact, 80 percent of women develop these unsightly lines. However, not all females experience these marks. Females who are obese, who have larger babies, and who experience extreme swings in weight during youth are likely to suffer with them.

Stretch marks may affect anyone. No matter a person’s age, gender, or race, these lines may form. There is no one cause of them. However, most are linked to genetics, hormonal changes, and rapid weight fluctuations. By identifying the causes, it is possible to uncover means of prevention and treatment.

Where are Stretch Marks Most Likely to Occur? Are All Stretch Marks the Same?

Any person may develop stretch marks. However, they occur most often in places where the body stores fat. For instance, the stomach, hips, breasts, and buttocks are the most common areas. Some people notice these types of marks on the lower back as well. In fact, stretch marks can occur anywhere that skin exists.

Different Colors of Stretch Marks

Although all stretch marks are a bit unsightly, there are different shades and types.

Red Stretch Marks

Stretch marks with a red tone appear to pop on the top of the skin. This color indicates that they are fresh and are at the beginning stages of formation. These marks represent inflammation, which gives the red color. When a person develops marks of this color, they can be treated with the use of topical creams that restore collagen. These marks occur as collagen fibers become thick and arrange themselves in parallel lines. These marks may have a flat appearance, or they may be slightly raised. During this point, they may be a bit itchy as well.

White Stretch Marks

White stretch marks indicate that they have been on a person’s body for a while. Unfortunately, these marks can’t be treated with any creams or OTC products. The white color is actually tiny tears in the skin. Therefore, they are difficult to treat and may be permanent parts of the body.

Different Classifications of Stretch Marks

Besides the two major types of stretch marks, there are other classifications as well.

Striae Gravidarun

It is extremely common for pregnant women to experience stretch marks, especially at the end of the third trimester. They mostly occur on a female’s breasts, abdomen, or thighs. A decrease of elastin fibers in a woman’s dermis is caused by changes in hormones. As a result, stretch marks appear in parallel lines. For the most part, pregnancy stretch marks fade with time. Unfortunately, they are not likely to disappear completely.

Striae Nigrae

A different color of stretch marks is dark gray. These marks are usually seen in people with darker complexions. They form in the same way as regular stretch marks.

Striae Caerulea

Striae caerulea are also known as purple stretch marks. Like with straie nigrae, they are most often found in people with darker skin colors. As the size of the blood vessels increases, the marks develop the purple hue. Like other stretch marks, these result from extreme stretching of the skin’s dermis layer.

Straie Atrophicans

These types of marks commonly result in people with Cushing syndrome. With this affliction, an individual must use corticosteroids for prolonged periods of time. This thins the skin and may lead to stretch marks. Also, these types of marks often develop after a surgical procedure.

Symptoms of Stretch Marks

These types of marks develop as the skin’s underlying tissues grow faster than the skin stretches. This occurs in the dermis, or middle layer of the skin. As the dermis stretches quickly, it visibly thins and tears, which results in these marks on the outer layer of skin. Also, these tears make small blood vessels break. This results in a red or purple color.

Upon initial development, these marks may burn or itch. However, the regular pigmentation of skin may return with time. Into the long-term, this may still result in a shiny appearance on the marks.

Are Stretch Marks Dangerous?

Many people cringe at the thought of having their skin stretch so badly that it leads to tears. At first appearance, an individual may be scared to see these marks develop. Although they are unsightly, they pose no risks to the body or health. They are not harmful and cause no negative effects to anyone.

What to Do When Stretch Marks Hurt

Even though the skin is made to expand and snap back like a rubber band, when it is stretched too much, it may break. In the end, this results in stretch marks. There are a number of reasons why these marks form. Usually, they are just unsightly. However, there are times when they become sore and causes discomfort. Certain individuals describe it is as a pinching sensation. As the body attempts to naturally repair these lines, a person may feel the urge to itch the marks. As scars develop, they may result in a hard feeling along the skin. When clothing rubs against the areas, pain may result.

Stretch marks are very common. However, people may experience different colors and patterns of these marks on various parts of their bodies. The color of the marks indicates their age and how the body responds to them. A new mark is likely to appear red or purple and is quite noticeable. However, as the body begins the healing process, a mark may lighten in the future. Luckily, there are a variety of measures that can treat these scars.

 

Best Ways to Prevent Stretch Marks

Stretch marks appear like streaks on the skin. They may be a variety of colors and fade to a silvery hue. They are common during pregnancy, but they may develop at any age or phase of life. To be sure, there may be ways to prevent them from popping up.

There are a number of factors that cause stretch marks. Studies have shown that they may be genetically linked. To prevent these unsightly lines, there are certain things that a person can do each day.

Keep Weight Controlled

The top thing that a person can do to prevent stretch marks from forming is to keep weight controlled. Most stretch marks occur when a person’s skin pulls apart at a fast rate. This often happens with quick weight gain. Rapid weight loss may make stretch marks more noticeable. Also, many individuals form stretch marks during puberty. This is a time of fast growth. In other cases, bodybuilders develop the lines from growing muscles. By eating a healthy diet and maintaining a healthy weight, it is likely that stretch marks will not be a problem.

Remain Hydrated

Maintaining good hydration keeps skin soft and looking healthy. When skin remains adequately hydrated, it is less likely to develop stretch marks like its dry counterpart. In fact, the Institute of Medicine has advised that women drink nine cups of water each day. Men are advised to drink 13 glasses. Also, it is recommended to avoid caffeinated drinks, including coffee and soda. These beverages may raise the risk of developing these lines.

Fill Meals with Nutrient-Rich Foods

Studies have shown that when a person lacks a few key nutrients, he or she is likely to develop these marks. It is important to fill mealtime with foods that are high in vitamins C, D, and E. Also, zinc and protein are key. Nutritionists explain that it is smart to avoid processed foods. Also, it is recommended to make wise food substitutions. For example, instead of opting for sugar-rich breakfast cereal, it is better to consume eggs, a grained toast, and fruit.

Vitamin C

To repeat, vitamins make stretch marks less likely to develop. However, vitamin C is especially important. Besides supporting the immune system, this nutrient keeps skin strong and elastic. Also, it decreases the look of wrinkles. Vitamin C plays an important role in collagen production. With solid amounts of collagen in the body, skin remains healthy. It may help to prevent stretch marks from forming. Foods like oranges and leafy greens contain high levels of vitamin C.

Soak Up the Sun

Although it is important to protect the skin from harmful UV rays, the sun is an excellent source of vitamin D. One study uncovered a link between low levels of vitamin D and the development of stretch marks. It is possible to take a vitamin supplement. However, small amounts of sun exposure each day are enough to get the necessary supply. Also, it is possible to receive this nutrient through foods like milk and yogurt.

Zinc

Zinc is a mineral that lowers inflammation and aids in the healing process. Although there are no definitive studies that link zinc to the prevention of stretch marks, it is known to help keep the skin healthy. Zinc is present in fish and nuts.

Exercise Regularly

Exercise brings a number of mental and physical advantages. It raises a person’s energy and mood. Also, it helps to regulate sleep patterns and to maintain weight. It increases circulation, which encourages skin’s elasticity. When a person exercises regularly, skin becomes more stretchable. To prevent stretch marks, it is a good idea to get moving on a regular basis.

Exfoliate Areas Affected by Stretch Marks

When skin is exfoliated, dry and dead skin layers are eliminated. This helps a person’s moisturizing skincare products penetrate into deeper skin layers. Also, it encourages new skin cell growth. As this occurs, stretch marks are less likely to develop. It is not necessary to purchase an expensive exfoliating product. A person can simply apply a baking soda and witch hazel paste to his or her skin during a shower to receive benefits.

Preventing Pregnancy Stretch Marks

Although stretch marks that have been earned from pregnancy are considered badges of honor for giving life, they are still unsightly, and they affect a woman’s self-confidence. To repeat, pregnancy stretch marks occur in areas other than just a stomach. They may pop up on the hips, legs, chest, and thighs. At least half of all women who have children develop these scars. Luckily, there are ways to prevent the issues.

Take Prenatal Vitamins

As previously stated, a body that is filled with adequate nutrients is less likely to suffer with stretch marks. Prenatal vitamins are meant to support both mother and baby. It can keep mom’s skin supple and elastic so that these lines do not develop. An OB/GYN will prescribe a multivitamin that supports a woman’s dietary requirements.

Gain Weight Slowly

No pregnant woman should be on a diet. Surely, every expectant female gains weight. However, being pregnant does not mean that a woman should eat until she busts. Although it is tempting to consume sweets and other high calorie foods at this time, it is essential to gain weight slowly over the pregnancy. An OB/GYN will recommend the healthiest weight gain for an individual’s circumstances. Usually, a woman is told to gain between 25 and 35 pounds.

Drink Enough Fluids

Many pregnant women become dehydrated. As the baby sits on a mother’s bladder, she is likely to be rushing to the bathroom many times a day. Therefore, she avoids drinking too much. However, it is necessary to remain hydrated so that skin does not dry out. Drinking fluids supports the growing fetus as well. Also, it prevents the development of urinary tract infections. Staying hydrated often relieves swelling and cramping that is common during pregnancy. Finally, it can help prevent stretch marks. A woman should carry a water bottle so that she can take small drinks over the course of the day.

Treat New Stretch Marks Early

If a pregnant woman notices the development of stretch marks, it is wise to act swiftly. There are a number of OTC creams that can be rubbed over the area so that the severity of the marks decrease. Most items contain hyaluronic acid and cocoa butter. These products prevent the formation of new marks.

There are number of preventative measures that a person can take to prevent stretch marks. The above tips can keep these unsightly scars from becoming reality. Although it is not possible to totally prevent stretch marks in every situation, there are items that can make the scars less noticeable.

Best Ways to Treat Stretch Marks

Stretch marks are some of the most common skin afflictions in the world. People of all ages and races have them. When they develop, they may be embarrassing and lower an individual’s self-esteem. Studies show that there is no cure-all for completely eliminating these marks. However, there are some home remedies that can lessen their appearance and can help them fade faster. It is wise to treat a mark as soon as it is noticed. At this point, it will respond better to treatment.

Natural Treatments for Stretch Marks

When a person does not want to use invasive methods for treating stretch marks, there are some OTC products and tips that can make the lines less noticeable.

Retinoids

Retinoids are ingredients in many beauty products. They are derived from vitamin A. A 2015 study uncovered that a prescription strength retinoid can decrease the appearance of stretch marks. Unfortunately, certain products with vitamin A may cause irritation. Therefore, it is essential to discuss the potential negatives with a doctor.

Hyaluronic Acid

Another ingredient found in many skin care products is hydronic acid. It is known to help with healing and the moisturization of skin. When skin loses collagen, it becomes less elastic. This leaves skin open to stretch marks. A 2014 study found that hyaluronic acid positively affects skin’s elastic properties. Also, research shows that it improves the look of stretch marks as well.

Centella

Centella is an herb that is found in many Korean cosmetics. It is known as a scar treatment that repairs damaged skin. Today, it is seen in the United States. However, it is expensive. This herb lowers inflammation and encourages collagen production. Therefore, it is used to prevent and to treat stretch marks, especially during pregnancy.

Aloe Vera

The calming properties of aloe have been seen for centuries. Aloe plants are used to treat burns or damaged skin. Thanks to the moisturizing abilities of the interior gel, it may be used to treat stretch marks.

Coconut Oil

Recent research has tested the effects of coconut oil on the skin. It has been shown to be a great protective barrier and to moisturize dry skin. Although there is no definite proof that coconut oil can treat stretch marks, it may be a harmless way to boost skin health.

Medical Treatments for Stretch Marks

When OTC treatments have no effect on a person’s stretch marks, it is possible to consult with a professional dermatologist for more invasive treatment options. However, it is essential to have realistic expectations.

Laser Treatments

During laser therapy, rays of light are concentrated on skin’s stretch marks. This stimulates new growth and makes the scars appear smoother. In other words, these treatments resurface the skin. It is quite successful on new stretch marks. Ablative lasers remove the top layer of skin so that a newer layer is revealed. Collagen production is encouraged. Fraxel is a non-ablative laser that is a bit more gentle. Instead of removing skin, it stimulates collagen and elastin production. This encourages healing and fading. Unfortunately, this treatment works best on people with lighter skin tones. Also, multiple sessions are necessary to receive top results. 

Microdermabrasion

Microdermabrasion treats and exfoliates a person’s top layer of skin. It removes dead skin so that new skin can shine. It is a safe way to jumpstart the production of elastin and collagen. Both protect and allow the skin to stretch. Although the treatment may not completely remove these lines, multiple sessions can greatly reduce their dark appearance. Each procedure is quick and brings little discomfort.

Microneedling

Microneedling, or collagen induction therapy, is a useful way to treat stretch marks. It involves small needles that puncture the outer layer of the skin’s dermis. These pinches trigger the body to create elastin and collagen in order to heal the wounds. The results leave skin firm and with less scars and stretch marks. Since this procedure penetrates the skin at the same level that stretch marks originate, it is possible to create a reaction that makes a noticeable improvement.

Radiofrequency Therapy

To repeat, increased collagen production helps skin remain firm and healthy. Also, it allows for healing when tears or stretch marks occur. During radiofrequency treatments, energy waves are sent deep into the skin, which stimulates collagen production. A 2019 study gave indications that this type of therapy does improve the appearance of these marks.

Chemical Peel

During a chemical peel, acids are placed on the skin’s top layer. This deeply exfoliates the skin so that collagen production is encouraged. Due to this fact, it is estimated that chemical peels help to lower the effects of stretch marks. Unfortunately, these lines originate below the skin’s surface, so there is no definite way to eliminate them completely. However, a chemical peel may offer a smoother feel and less noticeable lines.

To emphasize, a number of individuals have stretch marks. Although there is no perfect fix, it is possible to boost collagen production and to lessen the appearance of these lines. No matter the reason behind the marks, there will be a degree of fading. With a few treatments, a person should be able to handle the less noticeable lines and should accept them as part of his or her natural body.